The human genome is the complete set of genetic information for humans (Homo sapiens). This information is encoded as DNA sequences within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes (contained in egg and sperm cells) consist of three
billion DNA base pairs,( As compared to 7
Traits in the Pea Plant) while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the
DNA content.
The haploid human genome contains approximately
20,000 protein-coding genes, significantly fewer than had been anticipated. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small
fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.
Graphical representation
of the idealized human diploid karyotype,
showing the organization of the genome into chromosomes.This drawing shows both
the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the 23rd chromosome pair. Chromosomes
are shown aligned at their centromeres.
The mitochondrial DNA is not shown.
Chromosomes appear in
Pairs (Diploid, Two Alleles for each Trait, Inherited one each from each
parent) The Last pair of chromosomes are different XX ( Female) and Male ( XY).
The male and female genomes differ in only these two last pair of chromosomes (
Allele Pair in Pea Plant) .All the other 22 Pair of chromosomes are same in
Human Males and Females. So the last pair are the sex determining pairs or the
sex chromosomes.
In The Pea Plant the
Alleles for Pea Colour are Shown as (YY) ( Diploid, Two Alleles for each Trait,
Inherited one each from each parent) for Yellow Pea colour and (GG) ( Diploid,
Two Alleles for each Trait, Inherited one each from each parent) for Green Pea Colour.
The Same Diploid Alleles
are also present in Human Beings also. Refer to the second picture all the
Chromosomes appear in Pairs (Diploid, Two Alleles for each Trait, Inherited one
each from each parent)
No comments:
Post a Comment